Blog & Resources

Question: I am the executor of my mother’s estate in Gloucester County, New Jersey. How do I know when it’s safe to distribute the assets of an estate?

As the executor of an estate, that person is a fiduciary, and owes a duty to the beneficiaries. The executor also is the representative responsible to satisfy all valid estate debts prior to making distributions. Creditors include any taxes due, such as the mother’s final income tax return and the New Jersey Estate Tax return.

If an executor sells his mother’s Chester County home, does he have to pay the Pennsylvania probate tax before dividing up the sale proceeds with his siblings?

First, let’s clarify a few things. In Pennsylvania, the “probate tax” is the Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax. Because the estate is being divided up between the mother’s children, that rate is 4.5% on the date of death value of her entire taxable estate. The taxable estate includes the house.

Question: How do I reopen a closed estate in Atlantic County? My brother served as executor of my father’s estate and in the will I was named as the successor executor. My brother has since died, and I have discovered more assets.

First, understand that an estate is never “closed”. Estates run out of things to do and the file might be moved from the Atlantic County Surrogate’s Office long-term storage area, but once someone is named as executor, they continue to be the executor.
That being said, if the successor executor has discovered more assets that belong to the father and, if the original executor were still alive, it would be a simple matter to get updated paperwork from the Atlantic County Surrogate to prove he is still the executor.

A little preparation will greatly decrease the amount of time you will spend in the Register of Wills’ office. If you are the named executor in a will and are preparing to take the will to the Register’s office, here is what you will need:

Tax Returns for Pennsylvania Estates and Probate: If you are the executor of a Pennsylvania estate, you are responsible for filing all required tax returns. This will likely include the deceased’s last personal income tax return, both Pennsylvania and federal for all income from January first through the date of death. These are Forms 1040 and PA-40. If after the date of death the estate had income, for example from a bank account, stocks or rent, the estate will also need to file a federal and states income tax return. These are Forms 1041 and PA-41. Beyond income tax, you will also file a Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax Return (Form 1500) and you might have to file a Federal Estate Tax Return (Form 706).

Whenever I am helping my Pennsylvania clients with estate planning, or working with the executor of a Pennsylvania estate, I am given the opportunity to explain how the Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax works.

First, let’s break the tax down to its roots. The Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax is a Transfer Tax. It is different from the other taxes which you might pay regularly, like income tax, real estate tax or sales tax. A transfer tax is a tax levied when an asset is transferred from one owner to another. In this case, the transfer tax is taxing the transfer from the deceased to the beneficiary. You have paid transfer taxes in the past if you have ever bought a house or a vehicle with a title. To get the deed or title transferred you paid a fee to the state or county…a transfer tax.

The Bucks County Register of Wills possesses a wealth of data for those interested in genealogical research. When a Bucks County will is probated, the Register collects a copy of the person’s death certificate, the person’s original will, an inventory of the person’s probate assets and a copy of the person’s inheritance tax return.

The Bucks county probate file might also include many other family related items. All of these documents can provide invaluable family information to a person working on a family tree.

If you die in Camden County, New Jersey without a will, you are said to die “intestate”. Each state has developed its own rules about how the assets of intestate estates are divided among the living. These rules vary from state to state, but in general, your assets will be divided between your spouse and children. How your estate is divided between your spouse and child depends on your state of residence at the time of your death.

In Philadelphia, probate refers to a process supervised by the Philadelphia Register of Wills and the Philadelphia Orphans’ Court for transferring a deceased Philadelphian’s probate estate in accordance with the terms of the deceased’s will, or if there is no will, in accordance with the Pennsylvania Rules of Intestate Succession.

The Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax is levied against every penny of a Pennsylvania Probate Estate, so no matter how small the estate the executor will likely have to file a Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax Return.