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A little preparation will greatly decrease the amount of time you will spend in the Register of Wills’ office. If you are the named executor in a will and are preparing to take the will to the Register’s office, here is what you will need:

Tax Returns for Pennsylvania Estates and Probate: If you are the executor of a Pennsylvania estate, you are responsible for filing all required tax returns. This will likely include the deceased’s last personal income tax return, both Pennsylvania and federal for all income from January first through the date of death. These are Forms 1040 and PA-40. If after the date of death the estate had income, for example from a bank account, stocks or rent, the estate will also need to file a federal and states income tax return. These are Forms 1041 and PA-41. Beyond income tax, you will also file a Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax Return (Form 1500) and you might have to file a Federal Estate Tax Return (Form 706).

Whenever I am helping my Pennsylvania clients with estate planning, or working with the executor of a Pennsylvania estate, I am given the opportunity to explain how the Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax works.

First, let’s break the tax down to its roots. The Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax is a Transfer Tax. It is different from the other taxes which you might pay regularly, like income tax, real estate tax or sales tax. A transfer tax is a tax levied when an asset is transferred from one owner to another. In this case, the transfer tax is taxing the transfer from the deceased to the beneficiary. You have paid transfer taxes in the past if you have ever bought a house or a vehicle with a title. To get the deed or title transferred you paid a fee to the state or county…a transfer tax.

The Bucks County Register of Wills possesses a wealth of data for those interested in genealogical research. When a Bucks County will is probated, the Register collects a copy of the person’s death certificate, the person’s original will, an inventory of the person’s probate assets and a copy of the person’s inheritance tax return.

The Bucks county probate file might also include many other family related items. All of these documents can provide invaluable family information to a person working on a family tree.

In estate planning, “my estate” can mean different things. Your probate estate includes all your assets that will pass through your will at your death, while your taxable estate includes all your assets that will be taxed at your death. Many assets are included in your taxable estate, but not your probate estate, such as assets in your revocable living trust, your IRAs, assets held jointly with a right of survivorship and all of your payable on death accounts.

In Philadelphia, probate refers to a process supervised by the Philadelphia Register of Wills and the Philadelphia Orphans’ Court for transferring a deceased Philadelphian’s probate estate in accordance with the terms of the deceased’s will, or if there is no will, in accordance with the Pennsylvania Rules of Intestate Succession.

The Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax is levied against every penny of a Pennsylvania Probate Estate, so no matter how small the estate the executor will likely have to file a Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax Return.

Montgomery County probate clients sometimes believe that after filing the original Will with the Montgomery County Register of Wills, the Register will return to them the original document. Usually, this is because they have the experience of filing deeds with the Montgomery County Register of Deeds. After a deed is filed, it traditionally is mailed back to the buyer who may keep the original.

The Philadelphia Register of Wills office is tasked with probating the wills of deceased, Philadelphia residents. Probate is the process by which the will of a deceased Philadelphian is judged by the Register to be valid or invalid.

All wills filed with the Philadelphia Register of Wills are public records. The Philadelphia Register of Wills has records going back to 1924, and all records in the Philadelphia Register of Wills office are open and available to the public.